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Asthma
Asthma is a condition which occurs when the bronchial passages within the lungs
constrict, reducing the amount of oxygen that is absorbed to the point of feeling
"out of breath." Although the exact cause of this condition is not
yet understood, it is known that many things can trigger an attack. The most
common of these are airborne irritants such as dust, pollen, mold, feathers,
animal dander, and pollutants like ozone, chemical waste and cigarette smoke.
Infections in the lungs, foods and food additives, and even cold air can also
cause asthma attacks. Approximately 70% to 90% of asthmatics also experience
what is known as "exercise-induced-asthma", which is believed to be
caused by heat and water loss from the lungs during times of increases physical
activity. Certain drugs can also provoke an asthma attack. Common medications
such as aspirin, ibuprofen and antihistamines, and prescription high blood pressure
medicines call beta blockers have been found to bring on asthma attacks in some
people. It is estimated that some 15 million Americans are asthmatic.
Because the causes of asthma attacks are so varied, no single therapy can effectively
treat all cases. One or more medication may be prescribed to treat the condition.
Drugs commonly used to dilate the bronchioles and increase air flow in the lungs
include theophylline, usually taken in pill form, and beta-agonists, which can
be inhaled directly into the lungs for quick relief. Anticholinergics are medications
which are also inhaled, but they work on the nervous system to help prevent
bronchial constriction. Corticosteroids are used in both tablet and inhalant
forms, and cromolyn sodium is used to prevent chronic asthma, often in combination
with other drugs.
